This report sets out what governments need to do after they enact anti-LGBT hate crime laws, so that those laws are applied fairly and robustly rather than remaining symbolic. It offers a framework that countries can adopt, built from comparative empirical evidence, international standards and current practice in jurisdictions with mature hate crime policy.

The framework covers the elements that make implementation work: police recording and investigation practice, prosecutorial guidance, judicial training, victim support, data collection and monitoring, and engagement with affected communities. The report acknowledges that full implementation depends on variables including available resources, access to expertise and the state of existing criminal justice infrastructure, and recommends a staged approach suited to each context.