This briefing note responds to challenges raised by Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office staff about monitoring how, and to what extent, programming and humanitarian interventions in crisis contexts support inclusion. It provides an overview of how to monitor inclusion and sets out considerations for building monitoring systems that reflect the diverse needs emerging during crises.

The note is relevant across a wide range of sectors, including social protection, climate resilience and food security, health, water, sanitation and hygiene, education, livelihoods, infrastructure and urban development, mental health and psychosocial support, protection, and governance and peacebuilding. It sets out the purpose of programme monitoring and the main institutional and technical challenges involved, then summarises approaches that work and practical recommendations for monitoring inclusion in crisis contexts. It does not attempt to review all existing guidance or to give detailed sector-specific direction.